FRONT END , BACKEND OF APPLICATION SERVER

FRONT END , BACKEND OF APPLICATION SERVER :---



In software architecture there are many layers between the hardware and end-user. Each can be spoken of as having a front- and back-end. The "front" is an abstraction, simplifying the underlying component by providing a user-friendly interface.

In software design, the Model-view-controller for example, provides front- and back-ends for the database, the user, and the data processing components. The separation of software systems into "front-ends" and "back-ends" simplifies development and separates maintenance.

For major computer subsystems, a graphical file manager is a front-end to the computer's file system, and a shell interfaces the operating system — the front-end faces the user and the back-end launches the programs of the operating system in response.

Using the CLI ( command-line interface ) feature requires the acquisition of special terminology and the memorization of the commands, and so a GUI ( graphical user interface ) acts as a front-end desktop environment instead. In the Unix environment, ncurses is a simpler, semi-graphical front-end to the CLI. At the level of the Unix CLI itself, most commands are filters — standalone commands that can also serve as front-end and back-end to other commands. (They function by piping data between themselves, mostly for text processing. For example: CLI-prompt> cmd1 | cmd2 | cmd3 | cmd4 )

In network computing "front-end" can refer to any hardware that optimizes or protects network traffic. It is called application front-end hardware because it is placed on the network's out-facing front-end or boundary. Network traffic passes through the "application's front-end hardware" before entering the network.

In compilers, the front-end translates a computer programming source language into an intermediate representation, and the back-end works with the internal representation to produce code in a computer output language. The back-end usually optimizes to produce code that runs faster. The front-end/back-end distinction can separate the parser section that deals with source code and the back-end that does code generation and optimization; some designs (such as GCC) offer the choice between multiple front-ends (parsing different source languages) and/or multiple back-ends (generating code for different target processors).

In speech synthesis, the front-end refers to the part of the synthesis system that converts the input text into a symbolic phonetic representation, and the back-end converts the symbolic phonetic representation into actual sounds.

In the context of WWW applications, a mediator is a service that functions simultaneously as a server on its front end and as a client on its back end